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Given a field F and an extension field K superset= F, if alpha in K is an algebraic element over F, the minimal polynomial of alpha over F is the unique monic irreducible ...

For any real alpha and beta such that beta>alpha, let p(alpha)!=0 and p(beta)!=0 be real polynomials of degree n, and v(x) denote the number of sign changes in the sequence ...

Let G be a group and S be a topological G-set. Then a closed subset F of S is called a fundamental domain of G in S if S is the union of conjugates of F, i.e., S= union _(g ...

In his monumental treatise Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, Gauss conjectured that the class number h(-d) of an imaginary quadratic field with binary quadratic form discriminant ...

f(x) approx t_n(x)=sum_(k=0)^(2n)f_kzeta_k(x), where t_n(x) is a trigonometric polynomial of degree n such that t_n(x_k)=f_k for k=0, ..., 2n, and ...

The polynomials G_n(x;a,b) given by the associated Sheffer sequence with f(t)=e^(at)(e^(bt)-1), (1) where b!=0. The inverse function (and therefore generating function) ...

A half-space is that portion of an n-dimensional space obtained by removing that part lying on one side of an (n-1)-dimensional hyperplane. For example, half a Euclidean ...

A root-finding algorithm which makes use of a third-order Taylor series f(x)=f(x_n)+f^'(x_n)(x-x_n)+1/2f^('')(x_n)(x-x_n)^2+.... (1) A root of f(x) satisfies f(x)=0, so 0 ...

Any vector field v satisfying [del ·v]_infty = 0 (1) [del xv]_infty = 0 (2) may be written as the sum of an irrotational part and a solenoidal part, v=-del phi+del xA, (3) ...

A Hermitian inner product on a complex vector space V is a complex-valued bilinear form on V which is antilinear in the second slot, and is positive definite. That is, it ...