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The portion of the probability distribution which has a P-value equal to the observed P-value.

An inner product is a generalization of the dot product. In a vector space, it is a way to multiply vectors together, with the result of this multiplication being a scalar. ...

The (upper) clique number of a graph G, denoted omega(G), is the number of vertices in a maximum clique of G. Equivalently, it is the size of a largest clique or maximal ...

The number 24 is equal to 4! (four factorial). A number puzzle asks to construct 24 in as many ways possible using elementary mathematical operations on three copies of the ...

Any row r and column s of a determinant being selected, if the element common to them be multiplied by its cofactor in the determinant, and every product of another element ...

A gambling game played at carnivals in which a player may bet on any one of the numbers 1 through 6. Three dice are then rolled and, if his number appears, he receives back a ...

Let four lines in a plane represent four roads in general position, and let one traveler T_i be walking along each road at a constant (but not necessarily equal to any other ...

A curve y(x) is osculating to f(x) at x_0 if it is tangent at x_0 and has the same curvature there. Osculating curves therefore satisfy y^((k))(x_0)=f^((k))(x_0) for k=0, 1, ...

The radian is a unit of angular measure defined such that an angle of one radian subtended from the center of a unit circle produces an arc with arc length 1. A full angle is ...

The perpendicular distance h from an arc's midpoint to the chord across it, equal to the radius R minus the apothem r, h=R-r. (1) For a regular polygon of side length a, h = ...