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A matrix each of whose elements is a variate. These variates need not be independent, and if they are not, a correlation is said to exist between them.

A member of a collection of sets is said to be maximal if it cannot be expanded to another member by addition of any element. Maximal sets are important in graph theory since ...

Given a collection of sets, a member set that is not a proper subset of another member set is called a minimal set. Minimal sets are important in graph theory, since many ...

A continuous homomorphism of a group into the nonzero complex numbers. A multiplicative character omega gives a group representation on the one-dimensional space C of complex ...

A quantity which is either 0 (zero) or negative, i.e., <=0.

Polypons are polyforms obtained from dividing a regular triangular grid into 30-30-120 triangles, illustrated above. The numbers of polypons with n=1, 2, ... components are ...

A quantity x>0, which may be written with an explicit plus sign for emphasis, +x.

Each prime factor p_i^(alpha_i) in an integer's prime factorization is called a primary.

The set of prime numbers, sometimes denoted P (Derbyshire 2004, p. 163), and implemented in the Wolfram Language as Primes. In the Wolfram Language, a quantity can be tested ...

For N=k·2^n+1 with k odd and 2^n>k, if there exists an integer a such that a^((N-1)/2)=-1 (mod N), then N is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime.