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The sum over all external (square) nodes of the lengths of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the external path ...

An extreme point of a subset K of a vector space X is an extreme set S of K which consists of a single point x in K. The collection of all extreme points of K is sometimes ...

A place nu of a number field k is an isomorphism class of field maps k onto a dense subfield of a nondiscrete locally compact field k_nu. In the function field case, let F be ...

A set which contains a nonnegative integral number of elements is said to be finite. A set which is not finite is said to be infinite. A finite or countably infinite set is ...

A graph with a finite number of nodes and edges. If it has n nodes and has no multiple edges or graph loops (i.e., it is simple), it is a subgraph of the complete graph K_n. ...

In the most commonly used convention (e.g., Apostol 1967, pp. 202-204), the first fundamental theorem of calculus, also termed "the fundamental theorem, part I" (e.g., Sisson ...

A robust nonparametric test which is an alternative to the paired t-test. This test makes the basic assumption that there is information only in the signs of the differences ...

A flexagon-like structure created by connecting the ends of a strip of four squares after folding along 45 degrees diagonals. Using a number of folding movements, it is ...

The term folium means "leaf" in Latin and refers and refers to a plane curve having "leaf-shaped" rounded lobes. There are a number of different sorts of folia, including ...

The term "fractal dimension" is sometimes used to refer to what is more commonly called the capacity dimension of a fractal (which is, roughly speaking, the exponent D in the ...