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A bar graph is any plot of a set of data such that the number of data elements falling within one or more categories is indicated using a rectangle whose height or width is a ...

A face-centered cubic sphere packing obtained by placing layers of spheres one on top of another. Because there are two distinct ways to place each layer on top of the ...

A function f(x) is said to be constructible if some algorithm F computes it, in binary, within volume O(f(x)), i.e., V_(F(x))=O(f(x)). Here, the volume V_(A(x)) is the ...

A definition assigns properties to some sort of mathematical object. For example, Euclid's Elements starts with a number of definitions, such as "a line is a breadthless ...

A piecewise regular function that 1. Has a finite number of finite discontinuities and 2. Has a finite number of extrema can be expanded in a Fourier series which converges ...

The disorder number of a simple connected graph on n vertices is defined as the maximum length of a walk along the edges of the graph taken over all ordering of its vertices ...

The size of a minimum edge cover in a graph G is known as the edge cover number of G, denoted rho(G). If a graph G has no isolated points, then nu(G)+rho(G)=|G|, where nu(G) ...

An object created by folding a piece of paper along certain lines to form loops. The number of states possible in an n-flexagon is a Catalan number. By manipulating the ...

The Gaussian joint variable theorem, also called the multivariate theorem, states that given an even number of variates from a normal distribution with means all 0, (1) etc. ...

A rule for polynomial computation which both reduces the number of necessary multiplications and results in less numerical instability due to potential subtraction of one ...