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z^p-y^p=(z-y)(z-zetay)...(z-zeta^(p-1)y), where zeta=e^(2pii/p) (a de Moivre number) and p is a prime.

The first quadratic nonresidue mod p of a number is always less than 3(lnp)^2/2 (Wedeniwski 2001).

If the average number of envelopes per pigeonhole is a, then some pigeonhole will have at least a envelopes. Similarly, there must be a pigeonhole with at most a envelopes.

For any prime number p and any positive integer n, the p^n-rank r_(p^n)(G) of a finitely generated Abelian group G is the number of copies of the cyclic group Z_(p^n) ...

The Hajós number h(G) of a graph G is the maximum k such that G contains a subdivision of the complete graph K_k.

The Hamming distance between two vertices of a hypercube is the number of coordinates at which the two vertices differ.

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).

The number of inward directed graph edges from a given graph vertex in a directed graph.

Given a convex plane region with area A and perimeter p, then |N-A|<p, where N is the number of enclosed lattice points.

If a real algebraic curve has no singularities except nodes and cusps, bitangents, and inflection points, then n+2tau_2^'+iota^'=m+2delta_2^'+kappa^', where n is the order, ...