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A continuous map f:X->Y between topological spaces is said to be null-homotopic if it is homotopic to a constant map. If a space X has the property that id_X, the identity ...

A simple path is a path which is a simple curve. More precisely, a continuous mapping gamma:[a,b]->C^0 is a simple path if it has no self-intersections. Here, C^0 denotes the ...

A topological space fulfilling the T3-separation axiom: X fulfils the T1-separation axiom and is regular. According to the terminology of Alexandroff and Hopf (1972), ...

The Banach space L^1([0,1]) with the product (fg)(x)=int_0^xf(x-y)g(y)dy is a non-unital commutative Banach algebra. This algebra is called the Volterra algebra.

If f is a function on an open set U, then the zero set of f is the set Z={z in U:f(z)=0}. A subset of a topological space X is called a zero set if it is equal to f^(-1)(0) ...

Multivariable Calculus

Baire's category theorem, also known as Baire's theorem and the category theorem, is a result in analysis and set theory which roughly states that in certain spaces, the ...

An evolute is the locus of centers of curvature (the envelope) of a plane curve's normals. The original curve is then said to be the involute of its evolute. Given a plane ...

A p-variate multivariate normal distribution (also called a multinormal distribution) is a generalization of the bivariate normal distribution. The p-multivariate ...

A formula which transforms a given coordinate system by rotating it through a counterclockwise angle Phi about an axis n^^. Referring to the above figure (Goldstein 1980), ...