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Let A denote an R-algebra, so that A is a vector space over R and A×A->A (1) (x,y)|->x·y. (2) Now define Z={x in A:x·y=0 for some y in A!=0}, (3) where 0 in Z. An Associative ...

A set S in a vector space over R is called a convex set if the line segment joining any pair of points of S lies entirely in S.

The cotangent bundle of a manifold is similar to the tangent bundle, except that it is the set (x,f) where x in M and f is a dual vector in the tangent space to x in M. The ...

Let V!=(0) be a finite dimensional vector space over the complex numbers, and let A be a linear operator on V. Then V can be expressed as a direct sum of cyclic subspaces.

The root lattice of a semisimple Lie algebra is the discrete lattice generated by the Lie algebra roots in h^*, the dual vector space to the Cartan subalgebra.

An operation that takes two vector bundles over a fixed space and produces a new vector bundle over the same space. If E_1 and E_2 are vector bundles over B, then the Whitney ...

Characteristic classes are cohomology classes in the base space of a vector bundle, defined through obstruction theory, which are (perhaps partial) obstructions to the ...

A gadget defined for complex vector bundles. The Chern classes of a complex manifold are the Chern classes of its tangent bundle. The ith Chern class is an obstruction to the ...

Let A denote an R-algebra, so that A is a vector space over R and A×A->A (1) (x,y)|->x·y. (2) Then A is said to be alternative if, for all x,y in A, (x·y)·y=x·(y·y) (3) ...

Every smooth manifold M has a tangent bundle TM, which consists of the tangent space TM_p at all points p in M. Since a tangent space TM_p is the set of all tangent vectors ...