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Given the closed interval [0,x] with x>1, let one-dimensional "cars" of unit length be parked randomly on the interval. The mean number M(x) of cars which can fit (without ...

A cellular automaton is a collection of "colored" cells on a grid of specified shape that evolves through a number of discrete time steps according to a set of rules based on ...

The cubic formula is the closed-form solution for a cubic equation, i.e., the roots of a cubic polynomial. A general cubic equation is of the form z^3+a_2z^2+a_1z+a_0=0 (1) ...

Number theory is a vast and fascinating field of mathematics, sometimes called "higher arithmetic," consisting of the study of the properties of whole numbers. Primes and ...

In a dynamical system, a bifurcation is a period doubling, quadrupling, etc., that accompanies the onset of chaos. It represents the sudden appearance of a qualitatively ...

A bitangent is a line that is tangent to a curve at two distinct points. Aa general plane quartic curve has 28 bitangents in the complex projective plane. However, as shown ...

Given a general quadrilateral with sides of lengths a, b, c, and d, the area is given by K = 1/4sqrt(4p^2q^2-(b^2+d^2-a^2-c^2)^2) (1) = (2) (Coolidge 1939; Ivanov 1960; Beyer ...

Three or more points P_1, P_2, P_3, ..., are said to be collinear if they lie on a single straight line L. A line on which points lie, especially if it is related to a ...

A conic projection of points on a unit sphere centered at O consists of extending the line OS for each point S until it intersects a cone with apex A which tangent to the ...

Let the circles c_2 and c_3^' used in the construction of the Brocard points which are tangent to A_2A_3 at A_2 and A_3, respectively, meet again at D_A. The points D_AD_BD_C ...