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The arithmetic-geometric energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its arithmetic-geometric matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its ...

The arithmetic-geometric matrix A_(AG) of a simple graph is a weighted adjacency matrix with weight f(d_i,d_j)=sqrt(d_i^2+d_j^2), (1) where d_i are the vertex degrees of the ...

A plot of the cumulative frequency against the upper class boundary with the points joined by line segments. Any continuous cumulative frequency curve, including a cumulative ...

Differential entropy differs from normal or absolute entropy in that the random variable need not be discrete. Given a continuous random variable X with a probability density ...

The term energy has an important physical meaning in physics and is an extremely useful concept. There are several forms energy defined in mathematics. In measure theory, let ...

The Frobenius norm, sometimes also called the Euclidean norm (a term unfortunately also used for the vector L^2-norm), is matrix norm of an m×n matrix A defined as the square ...

The modular group Gamma is the set of all transformations w of the form w(t)=(at+b)/(ct+d), where a, b, c, and d are integers and ad-bc=1. A Gamma-modular function is then ...

The energy of a graph is defined as the sum of the absolute values of its graph eigenvalues (i.e., the sum of its graph spectrum terms). Other varieties of graph energy are ...

A continuum is hereditarily decomposable if each of its subcontinua is decomposable. An interval is hereditarily decomposable, as is a circle, whereas the buckethandle (also ...

The imaginary part I[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number multiplying i, so I[x+iy]=y. In terms of z itself, I[z]=(z-z^_)/(2i), where z^_ is the complex conjugate ...