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The Jacobi symbol (a/y)=chi(y) as a number theoretic character can be extended to the Kronecker symbol (f(a)/y)=chi^*(y) so that chi^*(y)=chi(y) whenever chi(y)!=0. When y is ...

Given a positive sequence {a_n}, sqrt(sum_(j=-infty)^infty|sum_(n=-infty; n!=j)^infty(a_n)/(j-n)|^2)<=pisqrt(sum_(n=-infty)^infty|a_n|^2), (1) where the a_ns are real and ...

A quantity which rigorously assumes the value of zero is said to be identically zero. The "identically" is used for emphasis when simply stating that a quantity is (or ...

Interest is a fee (or payment) made for the borrowing (or lending) of money. The two most common types of interest are simple interest, for which interest is paid only on the ...

Applying the Kaprekar routine to 4-digit number reaches 0 for exactly 77 4-digit numbers, while the remainder give 6174 in at most 8 iterations. The value 6174 is sometimes ...

A discrete distribution of a random variable such that every possible value can be represented in the form a+bn, where a,b!=0 and n is an integer.

The plane determined by the points x_1, x_2, and x_3 and the line passing through the points x_4 and x_5 intersect in a point which can be determined by solving the four ...

A local maximum, also called a relative maximum, is a maximum within some neighborhood that need not be (but may be) a global maximum.

A curve on which points of a map z_n (such as the Mandelbrot set) diverge to a given value r_(max) at the same rate. A common method of obtaining lemniscates is to define an ...

The winding number W(theta) of a map f(theta) with initial value theta is defined by W(theta)=lim_(n->infty)(f^n(theta)-theta)/n, which represents the average increase in the ...