Search Results for ""

A polynomial P(x) that, when evaluated over each x in the domain of definition, results in the same value. The simplest example is P(x)=c for x in R and c a constant.

A rewriting of a given quantity (e.g., a matrix) in terms of a combination of "simpler" quantities.

Down arrow notation is an inverse of the Knuth up-arrow notation defined by evn = lnn (1) evvn = ln^*n (2) evvvn = ln^(**)n, (3) where ln^*n is the number of times the ...

Let Jones and Smith be the only two contestants in an election that will end in a deadlock when all votes for Jones (J) and Smith (S) are counted. What is the expectation ...

Ellipsoidal calculus is a method for solving problems in control and estimation theory having unknown but bounded errors in terms of sets of approximating ellipsoidal-value ...

An estimator is a rule that tells how to calculate an estimate based on the measurements contained in a sample. For example, the sample mean x^_ is an estimator for the ...

A quantity is said to be exact if it has a precise and well-defined value. J. W. Tukey remarked in 1962, "Far better an approximate answer to the right question, which is ...

A system of congruences a_i mod n_i with 1<=i<=k is called a complete residue system (or covering system) if every integer y satisfies y=a_i (mod n) for at least one value of ...

Also known as the difference of squares method. It was first used by Fermat and improved by Gauss. Gauss looked for integers x and y satisfying y^2=x^2-N (mod E) for various ...

If there exists an A, this is written exists A. Similarly, "A does not exist" is written notexists A. exists is one of the two mathematical objects known as quantifiers. The ...