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Synergetics coordinates are a set of triangular coordinates in their plane (or their generalization to tetrahedral coordinates in space, or the analogs in higher dimensions). ...

The Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma, sometimes also called 'Euler's constant' or 'the Euler constant' (but not to be confused with the constant e=2.718281...) is defined as ...

The Spencer-Brown form is a simple mathematical concept that formalizes what a mathematical object is formally identical to what it is not (Spencer-Brown 1997, pp. ix and ...

An additive cellular automaton is a cellular automaton whose rule is compatible with an addition of states. Typically, this addition is derived from modular arithmetic. ...

Let two points x and y be picked randomly from a unit n-dimensional hypercube. The expected distance between the points Delta(n), i.e., the mean line segment length, is then ...

An ordinary differential equation of the form y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0. (1) Such an equation has singularities for finite x=x_0 under the following conditions: (a) If either ...

A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

The ratio C of the largest to smallest singular value in the singular value decomposition of a matrix. The base-b logarithm of C is an estimate of how many base-b digits are ...

Let f be differentiable on the open interval (a,b) and continuous on the closed interval [a,b]. Then if f(a)=f(b), then there is at least one point c in (a,b) where f^'(c)=0. ...

Let X_1, ..., X_N be a sequence of independent observations of a random variable X, and let the number of observations N itself be chosen at random. Then Wald's equation ...