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A manifold possessing a metric tensor. For a complete Riemannian manifold, the metric d(x,y) is defined as the length of the shortest curve (geodesic) between x and y. Every ...

Every continuous linear functional U[f] for f in C[a,b] can be expressed as a Stieltjes integral U[f]=int_a^bf(x)dw(x), where w(x) is determined by U and is of bounded ...

Consider a countable subgroup H with elements h_i and an element x not in H, then h_ix for i=1, 2, ... constitute the right coset of the subgroup H with respect to x.

A right eigenvector is defined as a column vector X_R satisfying AX_R=lambda_RX_R. In many common applications, only right eigenvectors (and not left eigenvectors) need be ...

Let H be a subgroup of G. A subset T of elements of G is called a right transversal of H if T contains exactly one element of each right coset of H.

A proof or demonstration is said to be rigorous if the validity of each step and the connections between the steps is explicitly made clear in such a way that the result ...

The direct product of the rings R_gamma, for gamma some index set I, is the set product_(gamma in I)R_gamma={f:I-> union _(gamma in I)R_gamma|f(gamma) in R_gamma all gamma in ...

The kernel of a ring homomorphism f:R-->S is the set of all elements of R which are mapped to zero. It is the kernel of f as a homomorphism of additive groups. It is an ideal ...

A unit in a ring is an element u such that there exists u^(-1) where u·u^(-1)=1.

A ringoid is a set R with two binary operators, conventionally denoted addition (+) and multiplication (×), where × distributes over + left and right: a(b+c)=ab+ac and ...