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A function f(x) is logarithmically convex on the interval [a,b] if f>0 and lnf(x) is convex on [a,b]. If f(x) and g(x) are logarithmically convex on the interval [a,b], then ...

The limit of a lower sum, when it exists, as the mesh size approaches 0.

The minimal residue of a (mod m) is the value b or b-m, whichever is smaller in absolute value, where a=b (mod m). If m=2b (so that b=|b-m|), then the minimal residue is ...

A function for which several distinct functional values correspond (as a result of different continuations) to one and the same point (Knopp 1996, p. 94).

A continuous homomorphism of a group into the nonzero complex numbers. A multiplicative character omega gives a group representation on the one-dimensional space C of complex ...

A function f(m) is called multiplicative if (m,m^')=1 (i.e., the statement that m and m^' are relatively prime) implies f(mm^')=f(m)f(m^') (Wilf 1994, p. 58). Examples of ...

The natural domain of a function is the maximal chain of domains on which it can be analytically continued to a single-valued function.

Let f:R->R, then the negative part of f is the function f^-:R->R defined by f^-(x)=max(-f(x),0). Note that the negative part is itself a nonnegative function. The negative ...

A composition of a function f degreesf with itself gives a nested function f(f(x)), f degreesf degreesf which gives f(f(f(x)), etc. Function nesting is implemented in the ...

Two functions f(x) and g(x) are orthogonal over the interval a<=x<=b with weighting function w(x) if <f(x)|g(x)>=int_a^bf(x)g(x)w(x)dx=0. (1) If, in addition, ...