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The gear curve is a curve resembling a gear with n teeth given by the parametric equations x = rcost (1) y = rsint, (2) where r=a+1/btanh[bsin(nt)], (3) where tanhx is the ...

A triangle formed by the arcs of three geodesics on a smooth surface.

The discontinuous solution of the surface of revolution area minimization problem for surfaces connecting two circles. When the circles are sufficiently far apart, the usual ...

A unit of angular measure in which the angle of an entire circle is 400 gradians. A right angle is therefore 100 gradians. A gradian is sometimes also called a gon or a grade.

The four-dimensional version of the gradient, encountered frequently in general relativity and special relativity, is del _mu=[1/cpartial/(partialt); partial/(partialx); ...

The great sphere on the surface of a hypersphere is the three-dimensional analog of the great circle on the surface of a sphere. Let 2h be the number of reflecting spheres, ...

A half-plane is a planar region consisting of all points on one side of an infinite straight line, and no points on the other side. If the points on the line are included, ...

A rotation through 180 degrees (pi radians).

Hansen's problem is a problem in surveying described as follows. From the position of two known but inaccessible points A and B, determine the position of two unknown ...

Harmonic coordinates satisfy the condition Gamma^lambda=g^(munu)Gamma_(munu)^lambda=0, (1) or equivalently, partial/(partialx^kappa)(sqrt(g)g^(lambdakappa))=0. (2) It is ...