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A unit is an element in a ring that has a multiplicative inverse. If a is an algebraic integer which divides every algebraic integer in the field, a is called a unit in that ...

A unit vector is a vector of length 1, sometimes also called a direction vector (Jeffreys and Jeffreys 1988). The unit vector v^^ having the same direction as a given ...

A natural transformation Phi_Y:B(AY)->Y is called unital if the leftmost diagram above commutes. Similarly, a natural transformation Psi_Y:Y->A(BY) is called unital if the ...

A topological space that contains a homeomorphic image of every topological space of a certain class. A metric space U is said to be universal for a family of metric spaces M ...

The validity of a logical argument refers to whether or not the conclusion follows logically from the premises, i.e., whether it is possible to deduce the conclusion from the ...

A variate is a generalization of the concept of a random variable that is defined without reference to a particular type of probabilistic experiment. It is defined as the set ...

Consider three squares erected externally on the sides of a triangle DeltaABC. Call the centers of these squares O_A, O_B, and O_C, respectively. Then the lines AO_A, BO_B, ...

Vector addition is the operation of adding two or more vectors together into a vector sum. The so-called parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of two or more ...

An ascending chain of subspaces of a vector space. If V is an n-dimensional vector space, a flag of V is a filtration V_0 subset V_1 subset ... subset V_r, (1) where all ...

The vertical perspective projection is a map projection that corresponds to the appearance of a globe when directly viewed from some distance away with the z-axis of the ...