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Consider the characteristic equation |lambdaI-A|=lambda^n+b_1lambda^(n-1)+...+b_(n-1)lambda+b_n=0 (1) determining the n eigenvalues lambda of a real n×n square matrix A, ...

A row-convex polyomino is a self-avoiding convex polyomino such that the intersection of any horizontal line with the polyomino has at most two connected components. A ...

The vector space generated by the rows of a matrix viewed as vectors. The row space of a n×m matrix A with real entries is a subspace generated by n elements of R^m, hence ...

Rule 182 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

The so-called rule of three is an educational tool utilized historically to verbalize the process of solving basic linear equations with four terms where three of the terms ...

In statistics, sampling is the selection and implementation of statistical observations in order to estimate properties of an underlying population. Sampling is a vital part ...

There are several theorems known as the "sandwich theorem." In calculus, the squeeze theorem is also sometimes known as the sandwich theorem. In graph theory, the sandwich ...

Let A be a relational system, and let L be a language which is appropriate for A. Let phi be a well-formed formula of L, and let s be a valuation in A. Then A|=_sphi is ...

The sawtooth wave, called the "castle rim function" by Trott (2004, p. 228), is the periodic function given by S(x)=Afrac(x/T+phi), (1) where frac(x) is the fractional part ...

The scalar curvature, also called the "curvature scalar" (e.g., Weinberg 1972, p. 135; Misner et al. 1973, p. 222) or "Ricci scalar," is given by R=g^(mukappa)R_(mukappa), ...