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A quantity used to test nested hypotheses. Let H^' be a nested hypothesis with n^' degrees of freedom within H (which has n degrees of freedom), then calculate the maximum ...

A point about which inversion of two circles produced concentric circles. Every pair of distinct circles has two limiting points. The limiting points correspond to the point ...

If the random variates X_1, X_2, ... satisfy the Lindeberg condition, then for all a<b, lim_(n->infty)P(a<(S_n)/(s_n)<b)=Phi(b)-Phi(a), where Phi is the normal distribution ...

Line segment picking is the process of picking line segments at random within a given shape in the plane, in space, or in a higher dimension. The most natural definition of a ...

A linear congruence equation ax=b (mod m) (1) is solvable iff the congruence b=0 (mod d) (2) with d=GCD(a,m) is the greatest common divisor is solvable. Let one solution to ...

A regression that is linear in the unknown parameters used in the fit. The most common form of linear regression is least squares fitting. Least squares fitting of lines and ...

There are at least two distinct notions of linear space throughout mathematics. The term linear space is most commonly used within functional analysis as a synonym of the ...

A linear system of equations is a set of n linear equations in k variables (sometimes called "unknowns"). Linear systems can be represented in matrix form as the matrix ...

A lion and a man in a closed arena have equal maximum speeds. What tactics should the lion employ to be sure of his meal? This problem was stated by Rado in 1925 (Littlewood ...

A bounded entire function in the complex plane C is constant. The fundamental theorem of algebra follows as a simple corollary.