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An aperiodic tiling is a non-periodic tiling in which arbitrarily large periodic patches do not occur. A set of tiles is said to be aperiodic if they can form only ...

A number of the form 2^n that contains the digits 666 (i.e., the beast number) is called an apocalyptic number. 2^(157) is an apocalyptic number. The first few such powers ...

A surface of revolution defined by Kepler. It consists of more than half of a circular arc rotated about an axis passing through the endpoints of the arc. The equations of ...

An approximate unit for a C^*-algebra A is an increasing net {u_lambda}_(lambda in Lambda) of positive elements in the closed unit ball of A such that a=lim_(lambda)au_lambda ...

Arc length is defined as the length along a curve, s=int_gamma|dl|, (1) where dl is a differential displacement vector along a curve gamma. For example, for a circle of ...

The arithmetic-geometric energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its arithmetic-geometric matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its ...

Given a number field K, a Galois extension field L, and prime ideals p of K and P of L unramified over p, there exists a unique element sigma=((L/K),P) of the Galois group ...

A ring is called left (respectively right) Artinian if it does not contain an infinite descending chain of left (resp. right) ideals. In this case the ring in question is ...

Let s(n)=sigma(n)-n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the restricted divisor function, and define the aliquot sequence of n by ...

Given a module M over a commutative unit ring R and a filtration F:... subset= I_2 subset= I_1 subset= I_0=R (1) of ideals of R, the associated graded module of M with ...