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A bar (also called an overbar) is a horizontal line written above a mathematical symbol to give it some special meaning. If the bar is placed over a single symbol, as in x^_ ...

A phenomenological law also called the first digit law, first digit phenomenon, or leading digit phenomenon. Benford's law states that in listings, tables of statistics, ...

A binary bracketing is a bracketing built up entirely of binary operations. The number of binary bracketings of n letters (Catalan's problem) are given by the Catalan numbers ...

Birthday attacks are a class of brute-force techniques used in an attempt to solve a class of cryptographic hash function problems. These methods take advantage of functions ...

Bisection is the division of a given curve, figure, or interval into two equal parts (halves). A simple bisection procedure for iteratively converging on a solution which is ...

If {a_j} subset= D(0,1) (with possible repetitions) satisfies sum_(j=1)^infty(1-|a_j|)<=infty, where D(0,1) is the unit open disk, and no a_j=0, then there is a bounded ...

In complex analysis, a branch (also called a sheet) is a portion of the range of a multivalued function over which the function is single-valued. Combining all the sheets ...

The Bump-Ng theorem (and also the title of the paper in which it was proved) states that the zeros of the Mellin transform of Hermite functions have real part equal to 1/2.

A C^infty function is a function that is differentiable for all degrees of differentiation. For instance, f(x)=e^(2x) (left figure above) is C^infty because its nth ...

As defined by Kyrmse, a canonical polygon is a closed polygon whose vertices lie on a point lattice and whose edges consist of vertical and horizontal steps of unit length or ...