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The Parts graphs are a set of unit-distance graphs with chromatic number five derived by Jaan Parts in 2019-2020 (Parts 2020a). They provide some of the smallest known ...

The pentagonal hexecontahedral graph is the Archimedean dual graph which is the skeleton of the pentagonal hexecontahedron. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

The pentagonal icositetrahedral graph is the Archimedean dual graph which is the skeleton of the pentagonal icositetrahedron. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

The pentagram, also called the five-point star, pentacle, pentalpha, or pentangle, is the star polygon {5/2}. It is a pagan religious symbol that is one of the oldest symbols ...

The pentakis dodecahedral graph is Archimedean dual graph which is the skeleton of the disdyakis triacontahedron. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

In the field of percolation theory, the term percolation threshold is used to denote the probability which "marks the arrival" (Grimmett 1999) of an infinite connected ...

The Petersen family of graphs, not to be confused with generalized Petersen graphs, are a set of seven graphs obtained from the Petersen graph (or complete graph K_6) by del ...

A prime constellation of four successive primes with minimal distance (p,p+2,p+6,p+8). The term was coined by Paul Stäckel (1892-1919; Tietze 1965, p. 19). The quadruplet (2, ...

Propositional calculus is the formal basis of logic dealing with the notion and usage of words such as "NOT," "OR," "AND," and "implies." Many systems of propositional ...

If there is no integer 0<x<p such that x^2=q (mod p), i.e., if the congruence (35) has no solution, then q is said to be a quadratic nonresidue (mod p). If the congruence ...