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The inverse curve of the epispiral r=asec(ntheta) with inversion center at the origin and inversion radius k is the rose curve r=(kcos(ntheta))/a.

Parallel lines are everywhere equidistant. This postulate is equivalent to the parallel postulate.

The paradox "This statement is false," stated in the fourth century BC. It is a sharper version of the Epimenides paradox, "All Cretans are liars...One of their own poets has ...

A more common way to describe a Euclidean ring.

A weighted graph in which the weights are equal to the Euclidean lengths of the edges in a specified embedding (Skiena 1990, pp. 201 and 252).

An array of "trees" of unit height located at integer-coordinate points in a point lattice. When viewed from a corner along the line y=x in normal perspective, a quadrant of ...

An even perfect number is perfect number that is even, i.e., an even number n whose sum of divisors (including n itself) equals n. All known perfect numbers are even, and ...

A graph vertex in a graph is said to be an even node if its vertex degree is even.

Also known as the difference of squares method. It was first used by Fermat and improved by Gauss. Gauss looked for integers x and y satisfying y^2=x^2-N (mod E) for various ...

An exogenous variable is an economic variable which is independent of the relationships determining the equilibrium levels, but nonetheless affects the equilibrium.