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An arrangement of overlapping circles which cover the entire plane. A lower bound for a covering using equivalent circles is 2pi/sqrt(27) (Williams 1979, p. 51).

The end values which specify a class interval.

A class number formula is a finite series giving exactly the class number of a ring. For a ring of quadratic integers, the class number is denoted h(d), where d is the ...

A clause is a disjunction of literals.

where _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric function and _3F_2(a,b,c;d,e;z) is a generalized hypergeometric function.

The point of concurrence S of a triangle's cleavers M_1C_1, M_2C_2, and M_3C_3, which is simply the Spieker center, i.e., the incenter of the medial triangle DeltaM_1M_2M_3 ...

The closed ball with center x and radius r is defined by B_r(x)={y:|y-x|<=r}.

A closed interval is an interval that includes all of its limit points. If the endpoints of the interval are finite numbers a and b, then the interval {x:a<=x<=b} is denoted ...

The set closure St^_v of a star Stv at a vertex v of a simplicial complex K.

Code 177 is a totalistic cellular automaton that yields patterns with seemingly random features. The rules and 300 steps of this automaton are illustrated above.