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The involute of the cycloid x = a(t-sint) (1) y = a(1-cost) (2) is given by x_i = a(t+sint) (3) y_i = a(3+cost). (4) As can be seen in the above figure, the involute is ...

A shift-invariant operator Q for which Qx is a nonzero constant. 1. Qa=0 for every constant a. 2. If p(x) is a polynomial of degree n, Qp(x) is a polynomial of degree n-1. 3. ...

Given a square matrix M, the following are equivalent: 1. |M|!=0. 2. The columns of M are linearly independent. 3. The rows of M are linearly independent. 4. Range(M) = R^n. ...

A piecewise regular function that 1. Has a finite number of finite discontinuities and 2. Has a finite number of extrema can be expanded in a Fourier series which converges ...

A collection of faces of an n-dimensional polytope or simplicial complex, one of each dimension 0, 1, ..., n-1, which all have a common nonempty intersection. In normal three ...

Two numbers are homogeneous if they have identical prime factors. An example of a homogeneous pair is (6, 72), both of which share prime factors 2 and 3: 6 = 2·3 (1) 72 = ...

The symbol defined by c^(a/b) = c(c+b)(c+2b)...[c+(a-1)b] (1) = b^a(c/b)_a (2) = (b^aGamma(a+c/b))/(Gamma(c/b)), (3) where (a)_n is the Pochhammer symbol and Gamma(z) is the ...

The integral representation of ln[Gamma(z)] by lnGamma(z) = int_1^zpsi_0(z^')dz^' (1) = int_0^infty[(z-1)-(1-e^(-(z-1)t))/(1-e^(-t))](e^(-t))/tdt, (2) where lnGamma(z) is the ...

If a matrix group is reducible, then it is completely reducible, i.e., if the matrix group is equivalent to the matrix group in which every matrix has the reduced form ...

A Meeussen sequence is an increasing sequence of positive integers (m_1, m_2, ...) such that m_1=1, every nonnegative integer is the sum of a subset of the {m_i}, and each ...