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A repeating decimal, also called a recurring decimal, is a number whose decimal representation eventually becomes periodic (i.e., the same sequence of digits repeats ...

The least positive integer m^* with the property that chi(y)=1 whenever y=1 (mod m^*) and (y,m)=1.

The probability that a statistical test will be negative for a negative statistic.

A leaf of an unrooted tree is a node of vertex degree 1. Note that for a rooted or planted tree, the root vertex is generally not considered a leaf node, whereas all other ...

The Wiener sum index WS is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes by WS=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n((d)_(ij))/((Omega)_(ij)), where (d)_(ij) is the graph distance matrix ...

A cycle of a graph G, also called a circuit if the first vertex is not specified, is a subset of the edge set of G that forms a path such that the first node of the path ...

A check which can be used to verify correct computations in a table of grouped classes. For example, consider the following table with specified class limits and frequencies ...

Let X and Y be sets, and let R subset= X×Y be a relation on X×Y. Then R is a concurrent relation if and only if for any finite subset F of X, there exists a single element p ...

A nonplanar graph G is said to be critical nonplanar if the removal of a vertex results in a planar graph for every vertex of G. Critical nonplanar graphs differ from apex ...

A polynomial given by Phi_n(x)=product_(k=1)^n^'(x-zeta_k), (1) where zeta_k are the roots of unity in C given by zeta_k=e^(2piik/n) (2) and k runs over integers relatively ...