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A general quintic equation a_5x^5+a_4x^4+a_3x^3+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0=0 (1) can be reduced to one of the form y^5+b_2y^2+b_1y+b_0=0, (2) called the principal quintic form. Vieta's ...

A principal nth root omega of unity is a root satisfying the equations omega^n=1 and sum_(i=0)^(n-1)omega^(ij)=0 for j=1, 2, ..., n. Therefore, every primitive root of unity ...

The principal value of an analytic multivalued function is the single value chosen by convention to be returned for a given argument. Complex multivalued functions have ...

The Q-chromatic polynomial, introduced by Birkhoff and Lewis (1946) and termed the "Q-chromial" by Bari (1974), is an alternate form of the chromatic polynomial pi(x) defined ...

An algebraic integer of the form a+bsqrt(D) where D is squarefree forms a quadratic field and is denoted Q(sqrt(D)). If D>0, the field is called a real quadratic field, and ...

The quartic formula is a name sometimes given to one of the related explicit formulas for the four roots z_1, ..., z_4 of an arbitrary quartic equation with real coefficients ...

The quintuple product identity, also called the Watson quintuple product identity, states (1) It can also be written (2) or (3) The quintuple product identity can be written ...

Let ad=bc, then (1) This can also be expressed by defining (2) (3) Then F_(2m)(a,b,c,d)=a^(2m)f_(2m)(x,y), (4) and identity (1) can then be written ...

Let phi(n) be any function, say analytic or integrable. Then int_0^inftyx^(s-1)sum_(k=0)^infty(-1)^kx^kphi(k)dx=(piphi(-s))/(sin(spi)) (1) and ...

Let G=(V,E) be a finite graph, let Omega be the set Omega={0,1}^E whose members are vectors omega=(omega(e):e in E), and let F be the sigma-algebra of all subsets of Omega. A ...