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The pair of sequences defined by F(0)=1, M(0)=0, and F(n) = n-M(F(n-1)) (1) M(n) = n-F(M(n-1)). (2) The first few terms of the "male" sequence M(n) for n=0, 1, ... are 0, 0, ...

The sign of a real number, also called sgn or signum, is -1 for a negative number (i.e., one with a minus sign "-"), 0 for the number zero, or +1 for a positive number (i.e., ...

A prime link is a link that cannot be represented as a knot sum of other links. Doll and Hoste (1991) list polynomials for oriented links of nine or fewer crossings, and ...

Flat polygons embedded in three-space can be transformed into a congruent planar polygon as follows. First, translate the starting vertex to (0, 0, 0) by subtracting it from ...

A set X is called a "cone" with vertex at the origin if for any x in X and any scalar a>=0, ax in X.

The third-order ordinary differential equation y^(''')+alphayy^('')+beta(1-y^('2))=0.

The characteristic exponent of a field is 1 if the field characteristic is 0 and p if the field characteristic is p.

The partial differential equation 2u_(tx)+u_xu_(xx)-u_(yy)=0.

The limit of a lower sum, when it exists, as the mesh size approaches 0.

The British word for "zero." It is often used to indicate 0 subscripts, so a_0 would be spoken as "a naught."