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The Hamming distance between two vertices of a hypercube is the number of coordinates at which the two vertices differ.

Given a convex plane region with area A and perimeter p, then |N-A|<p, where N is the number of enclosed lattice points.

A family of subsets of a topological space such that every point has a neighborhood which intersects only a finite number of them.

The number of outward directed graph edges from a given graph vertex in a directed graph.

The polynomial giving the number of colorings with m colors of a structure defined by a permutation group.

The cumulative frequency in a frequency distribution divided by the total number of data points.

The ratio of the absolute frequency to the total number of data points in a frequency distribution.

The sequency k of a Walsh function is defined as half the number of zero crossings in the time base.

A tree having an infinite number of branches and whose nodes are sequences generated by a set of rules.

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).