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The Gauss-Bonnet formula has several formulations. The simplest one expresses the total Gaussian curvature of an embedded triangle in terms of the total geodesic curvature of ...

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel (and therefore opposite angles equal). A quadrilateral with equal sides is called a rhombus, and a ...

A ruled semicircle used for measuring and drawing angles.

Oriented in an up-down position.

If a is an element of a field F over the prime field P, then the set of all rational functions of a with coefficients in P is a field derived from P by adjunction of a.

An alpha value is a number 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(z>=z_(observed))<=alpha is considered "significant," where P is a P-value.

An operator * for which a*b=-b*a is said to be anticommutative.

nu_((r))=sum_(x)x^((r))f(x), where x^((r))=x(x-1)...(x-r+1).

Johnson solid J_(23).

A quantity which is either 0 (zero) or positive, i.e., >=0.