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The study of angles and of the angular relationships of planar and three-dimensional figures is known as trigonometry. The trigonometric functions (also called the circular ...

There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Some prominent outstanding unsolved problems (as well as some which are not necessarily so well known) include 1. The ...

A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

The Wigner 3j-symbols (j_1 j_2 j_3; m_1 m_2 m_3), also known as "3j symbols" (Messiah 1962, p. 1056) or Wigner coefficients (Shore and Menzel 1968, p. 275) are quantities ...

The Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms are the basis for Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. In the following (Jech 1997, p. 1), exists stands for exists, forall means for all, in stands for ...

A p-adic number is an extension of the field of rationals such that congruences modulo powers of a fixed prime p are related to proximity in the so called "p-adic metric." ...

A q-series is series involving coefficients of the form (a;q)_n = product_(k=0)^(n-1)(1-aq^k) (1) = product_(k=0)^(infty)((1-aq^k))/((1-aq^(k+n))) (2) = ...

The constant pi, denoted pi, is a real number defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d=2r, pi = C/d (1) = C/(2r) (2) pi has decimal expansion ...

The 13 Archimedean solids are the convex polyhedra that have a similar arrangement of nonintersecting regular convex polygons of two or more different types arranged in the ...

In mathematics, a knot is defined as a closed, non-self-intersecting curve that is embedded in three dimensions and cannot be untangled to produce a simple loop (i.e., the ...