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A prime gap of length n is a run of n-1 consecutive composite numbers between two successive primes. Therefore, the difference between two successive primes p_k and p_(k+1) ...

The angles mpi/n (with m,n integers) for which the trigonometric functions may be expressed in terms of finite root extraction of real numbers are limited to values of m ...

The "15 puzzle" is a sliding square puzzle commonly (but incorrectly) attributed to Sam Loyd. However, research by Slocum and Sonneveld (2006) has revealed that Sam Loyd did ...

Consider the probability Q_1(n,d) that no two people out of a group of n will have matching birthdays out of d equally possible birthdays. Start with an arbitrary person's ...

"Chaos" is a tricky thing to define. In fact, it is much easier to list properties that a system described as "chaotic" has rather than to give a precise definition of chaos. ...

Chess is a two-player board game believed to have been played in India as early as the sixth century AD. In different parts of this world, different chess games are played. ...

The circumcircle is a triangle's circumscribed circle, i.e., the unique circle that passes through each of the triangle's three vertices. The center O of the circumcircle is ...

The cuboctahedron, also called the heptaparallelohedron or dymaxion (the latter according to Buckminster Fuller; Rawles 1997), is the Archimedean solid with faces 8{3}+6{4}. ...

In general, there are two important types of curvature: extrinsic curvature and intrinsic curvature. The extrinsic curvature of curves in two- and three-space was the first ...

An elliptic integral is an integral of the form int(A(x)+B(x)sqrt(S(x)))/(C(x)+D(x)sqrt(S(x)))dx, (1) or int(A(x)dx)/(B(x)sqrt(S(x))), (2) where A(x), B(x), C(x), and D(x) ...