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In 1891, Chebyshev and Sylvester showed that for sufficiently large x, there exists at least one prime number p satisfying x<p<(1+alpha)x, where alpha=0.092.... Since the ...

A complex number z is said to be purely imaginary if it has no real part, i.e., R[z]=0. The term is often used in preference to the simpler "imaginary" in situations where z ...

In accounting, the principal is the original amount borrowed or lent on which interest is then paid or given. The word "principal" is also used in many areas of mathematics ...

Cubic nonhamiltonian graphs are nonhamiltonian graphs that are also cubic. The numbers of connected cubic nonhamiltonian graphs on n=10, 12, ... nodes are 2, 5, 35, 219, ...

A cubic symmetric graph is a symmetric cubic (i.e., regular of order 3). Such graphs were first studied by Foster (1932). They have since been the subject of much interest ...

The time required for a given principal to double (assuming n=1 conversion period) for compound interest is given by solving 2P=P(1+r)^t, (1) or t=(ln2)/(ln(1+r)), (2) where ...

A confidence interval is an interval in which a measurement or trial falls corresponding to a given probability. Usually, the confidence interval of interest is symmetrically ...

A surface S is n-embeddable if it can be placed in R^n-space without self-intersections, but cannot be similarly placed in any R^k for k<n. A surface so embedded is said to ...

The determination of a set of factors (divisors) of a given integer ("prime factorization"), polynomial ("polynomial factorization"), etc., which, when multiplied together, ...

A numeral is a symbol used to represent a number. Arabic numerals (0-9) are the ones most commonly used today. Other types, mainly of historical interest, include Egyptian, ...