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A measure which takes values in the complex numbers. The set of complex measures on a measure space X forms a vector space. Note that this is not the case for the more common ...

In voting theory, a Condorcet candidate is a candidate who always wins in a 2-person election but loses in larger election. For example, consider the 6-tuples of 6-sided die ...

Each of the sacred unit fractions which the ancient Egyptians attributed to the six parts of the eye of the god Horus: 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64. These fractions, ...

The group theoretical term for what is known to physicists, by way of its connection with matrix traces, as the trace. The powerful group orthogonality theorem gives a number ...

The heptanacci numbers are a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by H_0=0, H_1=1, H_2=1, H_3=2, H_4=4, H_5=8, H_6=16, and the recurrence relation ...

The hexanacci numbers are a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by H_0=0, H_1=1, H_2=1, H_3=2, H_4=4, H_5=8, and the recurrence relation ...

"Implies" is the connective in propositional calculus which has the meaning "if A is true, then B is also true." In formal terminology, the term conditional is often used to ...

Given a knot diagram, it is possible to construct a collection of variables and equations, and given such a collection, a group naturally arises that is known as the group of ...

Knuth's up-arrow notation is a notation invented by Knuth (1976) to represent large numbers in which evaluation proceeds from the right (Conway and Guy 1996, p. 60): m^n ...

On a measure space X, the set of square integrable L2-functions is an L^2-space. Taken together with the L2-inner product with respect to a measure mu, <f,g>=int_Xfgdmu (1) ...