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Hardy and Littlewood (1914) proved that the sequence {frac(x^n)}, where frac(x) is the fractional part, is equidistributed for almost all real numbers x>1 (i.e., the ...

Taking the ratio x/y of two numbers x and y, also written x÷y. Here, x is called the dividend, y is called the divisor, and x/y is called a quotient. The symbol "/" is called ...

A triple (a,b,c) of positive integers satisfying a<b<c is said to be geometric if ac=b^2. In particular, such a triple is geometric if its terms form a geometric sequence ...

A hypergeometric series sum_(k)c_k is a series for which c_0=1 and the ratio of consecutive terms is a rational function of the summation index k, i.e., one for which ...

A kit consisting of colored rods and slotted balls that can be used to construct three-dimensional configurations. The balls into which the rods are placed resemble an ...

A convergence test also called "de Morgan's and Bertrand's test." If the ratio of terms of a series {a_n}_(n=1)^infty can be written in the form ...

If the cross ratio kappa of {AB,CD} satisfy kappa^2-kappa+1=0, (1) then the points are said to form a bivalent range, and {AB,CD}={AC,DB}={AD,BC}=kappa (2) ...

The diameter of a circle is the distance from a point on the circle to a point pi radians away, and is the maximum distance from one point on a circle to another. The ...

If, for n and d integers, the ratio n/d is itself an integer, then d is said to divide n. This relationship is written d|n, read "d divides n." In this case, n is also said ...

A shell bounded by two similar ellipsoids having a constant ratio of axes. Given a chord passing through a homeoid, the distance between inner and outer intersections is ...