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According to Pólya, the Cartesian pattern is the resolution method for arithmetical or geometrical problems based on equations. The first step is to translate the question ...

A hypothesis is a proposition that is consistent with known data, but has been neither verified nor shown to be false. In statistics, a hypothesis (sometimes called a ...

An algorithm in control theory introduced by Kalman (1960) and refined by Kalman and Bucy (1961). It is an algorithm which makes optimal use of imprecise data on a linear (or ...

In practice, the vertical offsets from a line (polynomial, surface, hyperplane, etc.) are almost always minimized instead of the perpendicular offsets. This provides a ...

A presheaf C of categories consists of the following data: 1. For every local homeomorphism f:Y->X of topological spaces X, Y, a category C(f:Y->X); 2. For every diagram f ...

In category theory, a tensor category (C, tensor ,I,a,r,l) consists of a category C, an object I of C, a functor tensor :C×C->C, and a natural isomorphism a = a_(UVW):(U ...

A theorem, also called a unicity theorem, stating the uniqueness of a mathematical object, which usually means that there is only one object fulfilling given properties, or ...

One of the four divisions of observations which have been grouped into four equal-sized sets based on their statistical rank. The quartile including the top statistically ...

A sophisticated checksum (often abbreviated CRC), which is based on the algebra of polynomials over the integers (mod 2). It is substantially more reliable in detecting ...

Given a statistical distribution with measured mean, statistical median, mode, and standard deviation sigma, Pearson's first skewness coefficient, also known as the Pearson ...