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In particle physics, a spinor field of order 2s describes a particle of spin s, where s is an integer or half-integer. Therefore, a spinor of order 4s contains as much ...

The Pauli matrices, also called the Pauli spin matrices, are complex matrices that arise in Pauli's treatment of spin in quantum mechanics. They are defined by sigma_1 = ...

A distribution which arises in the study of integer spin particles in physics, P(k)=(k^s)/(e^(k-mu)-1). (1) Its integral is given by int_0^infty(k^sdk)/(e^(k-mu)-1) = ...

A distribution which arises in the study of half-integer spin particles in physics, P(k)=(k^s)/(e^(k-mu)+1). (1) Its integral is given by int_0^infty(k^sdk)/(e^(k-mu)+1) = ...

The Galton board, also known as a quincunx or bean machine, is a device for statistical experiments named after English scientist Sir Francis Galton. It consists of an ...

Spinor fields describing particles of zero rest mass satisfy the so-called zero rest mass equations. Examples of zero rest mass particles include the neutrino (a fermion) and ...

Let V be an n-dimensional linear space over a field K, and let Q be a quadratic form on V. A Clifford algebra is then defined over T(V)/I(Q), where T(V) is the tensor algebra ...

Consider an arbitrary one-dimensional map x_(n+1)=F(x_n) (1) (with implicit parameter r) at the onset of chaos. After a suitable rescaling, the Feigenbaum function ...

An orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T:V->V which preserves a symmetric inner product. In particular, an orthogonal transformation (technically, an ...

Russian roulette is a game of chance in which one or more of the six chambers of a revolver are filled with cartridges, the chamber is rotated at random, and the gun is ...