A symbol consisting of three rational numbers that can be used to describe uniform polyhedra based on how a point in a spherical triangle can be selected so as to trace the
vertices of regular polygonal faces. For example, the Wythoff symbol for the tetrahedron
is
. There are four types of Wythoff
symbols,
,
,
and
, and one exceptional symbol,
(which is used for the great
dirhombicosidodecahedron).
The meaning of the bars
may be summarized as follows (Wenninger 1989, p. 10; Messer 2002). Consider
a spherical triangle
whose angles are
,
, and
.
1. :
is a special point within
that traces snub polyhedra by even reflections.
2.
(or
):
is the vertex
.
3.
(or
):
lies on the arc
and the bisector of the opposite angle
.
4.
(or any permutation of the three letters):
is the incenter of the triangle
.
Some special cases in terms of Schläfli symbols are
(1)
| |||
(2)
| |||
(3)
| |||
(4)
| |||
(5)
| |||
(6)
|
Varying the order of the numbers within a subset of ,
,
does not affect the kind of uniform polyhedron.
However, excluding such redundancies, the other permutations of Wythoff symbols using
"
"
and the set of nine rational numbers do not always produce new or valid polyhedra
as some are degenerate forms (Messer 2002).