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The average power of a complex signal f(t) as a function of time t is defined as <f^2(t)>=lim_(T->infty)1/(2T)int_(-T)^T|f(t)|^2dt, where |z| is the complex modulus (Papoulis ...

Let n objects be picked repeatedly with probability p_i that object i is picked on a given try, with sum_(i)p_i=1. Find the earliest time at which all n objects have been ...

Conditions at an initial time t=t_0 from which a given set of mathematical equations or physical system evolves. A system with initial conditions specified is known as an ...

The angular position of a quantity. For example, the phase of a function cos(omegat+phi_0) as a function of time is phi(t)=omegat+phi_0. The complex argument of a complex ...

Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that the interval [0,n] is contained in D, one can show ...

The rotation operator can be derived from examining an infinitesimal rotation (d/(dt))_(space)=(d/(dt))_(body)+omegax, where d/dt is the time derivative, omega is the angular ...

A spigot algorithm is an algorithm which generates digits of a quantity one at a time without using or requiring previously computed digits. Amazingly, spigot algorithms are ...

Find the shape of the curve down which a bead sliding from rest and accelerated by gravity will slip (without friction) from one point to another in the least time. The term ...

The base-60 notational system for representing real numbers. A base-60 number system was used by the Babylonians and is preserved in the modern measurement of time (hours, ...

An exponential moving average, also known as an exponentially weighted moving average and abbreviated EMA or EWMA, is a moving filter that applied weights to older values in ...