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The modification of a set of data to make it smooth and nearly continuous and remove or diminish outlying points.

A law is a mathematical statement which always holds true. Whereas "laws" in physics are generally experimental observations backed up by theoretical underpinning, laws in ...

The Montgomery-Odlyzko law (which is a law in the sense of empirical observation instead of through mathematical proof) states that the distribution of the spacing between ...

The median of a statistical distribution with distribution function D(x) is the value x such D(x)=1/2. For a symmetric distribution, it is therefore equal to the mean. Given ...

A function tau(n) related to the divisor function sigma_k(n), also sometimes called Ramanujan's tau function. It is defined via the Fourier series of the modular discriminant ...

Goldbach's original conjecture (sometimes called the "ternary" Goldbach conjecture), written in a June 7, 1742 letter to Euler, states "at least it seems that every number ...

An automorphism of a graph is a graph isomorphism with itself, i.e., a mapping from the vertices of the given graph G back to vertices of G such that the resulting graph is ...

n events are said to be mutually exclusive if the occurrence of any one of them precludes any of the others. Therefore, for events X_1, ..., X_n, the conditional probability ...

The probability that a variate would assume a value greater than or equal to the observed value strictly by chance: P(z>=z_(observed)).

Let {A_n}_(n=0)^infty be a sequence of events occurring with a certain probability distribution, and let A be the event consisting of the occurrence of a finite number of ...