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An algorithm for partitioning (or clustering) N data points into K disjoint subsets S_j containing N_j data points so as to minimize the sum-of-squares criterion ...

Quantile-quantile plots (also called q-q plots) are used to determine if two data sets come from populations with a common distribution. In such a plot, points are formed ...

Simpson's paradox, also known as the amalgamation paradox, reversal paradox, or Yule-Simpson effect, is a paradox in which a statistical trend appears to be present when data ...

A data structure designed to allow repeated extraction of the smallest remaining key (Skiena 1990, p. 38).

A stem-and-leaf diagram, also called a stem-and-leaf plot, is a diagram that quickly summarizes data while maintaining the individual data points. In such a diagram, the ...

A set of methods that are generally superior to ANOVA for small data sets or where sample distributions are non-normal.

The determination of a test for the equality of means for two normal distributions with different variances given samples from each. There exists an exact test which, ...

The modification of a set of data to make it smooth and nearly continuous and remove or diminish outlying points.

A smooth curve which corresponds to the limiting case of a histogram computed for a frequency distribution of a continuous distribution as the number of data points becomes ...

The mode of a set of observations is the most commonly occurring value. For example, for a data set (3, 7, 3, 9, 9, 3, 5, 1, 8, 5) (left histogram), the unique mode is 3. ...