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One of the four regions of the plane defined by the four possible combinations of signs (+,+), (+,-), (-,+), and (-,-) for (x,y).

A related rates problem is the determination of the rate at which a function defined in terms of other functions changes. Related rates problems can be solved by computing ...

An estimation technique which is insensitive to small departures from the idealized assumptions which have been used to optimize the algorithm. Classes of such techniques ...

An ordering of permutations in which each two adjacent permutations differ by the transposition of two elements. For the permutations of {1,2,3} there are two listings which ...

Given a number n, Fermat's factorization methods look for integers x and y such that n=x^2-y^2. Then n=(x-y)(x+y) (1) and n is factored. A modified form of this observation ...

A set X whose elements can be numbered through from 1 to n, for some positive integer n. The number n is called the cardinal number of the set, and is often denoted |X| or ...

The Copeland-Erdős constant is the constant with decimal expansion 0.23571113171923... (OEIS A033308) obtained by concatenating consecutive primes: 2, 23, 235, 2357, 235711, ...

A rational number expressed in the form a/b (in-line notation) or a/b (traditional "display" notation), where a is called the numerator and b is called the denominator. When ...

There are (at least) two mathematical constants associated with Theodorus. The first Theodorus's constant is the elementary algebraic number sqrt(3), i.e., the square root of ...

The shortest circular sequence of length sigma^n such that every string of length n on the alphabet a of size sigma occurs as a contiguous subrange of the sequence described ...