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The difference of a quantity from some fixed value, usually the "correct" or "expected" one.

The extended complex plane is the name given to the complex plane with a point at infinity attached: C union {infty^~}, where infty^~ denotes complex infinity. It is also ...

The axis in the complex plane corresponding to zero real part, R[z]=0.

A pair of values x and y one or both of which is complex.

The portion of the complex plane z=x+iy with real part R[z]<0.

The unit lower half-disk is the portion of the complex plane satisfying {|z|<=1,I[z]<0}.

The portion of the complex plane {x+iy:x,y in (-infty,infty)} satisfying y=I[z]<0, i.e., {x+iy:x in (-infty,infty),y in (-infty,0)}

The negative real axis is the portion of the real axis with x<0.

The positive real axis is the portion of the real axis with x>0.

A complex number z is said to be purely imaginary if it has no real part, i.e., R[z]=0. The term is often used in preference to the simpler "imaginary" in situations where z ...