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Let p be an odd prime and F_n the cyclotomic field of p^(n+1)th roots of unity over the rational field. Now let p^(e(n)) be the power of p which divides the class number h_n ...

A test for the convergence of Fourier series. Let phi_x(t)=f(x+t)+f(x-t)-2f(x), then if int_0^pi(|phi_x(t)|dt)/t is finite, the Fourier series converges to f(x) at x.

Disconnectivities are mathematical entities which stand in the way of a space being contractible (i.e., shrunk to a point, where the shrinking takes place inside the space ...

Let D be a set of positive numbers containing 1, then the D-distance graph X(D) on a nonempty subset X of Euclidean space is the graph with vertex set X and edge set ...

Elementary number theory is the branch of number theory in which elementary methods (i.e., arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra) are used to solve equations with ...

One of the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and integer (or rational) root extraction.

A distribution of error such that the error remaining is always given approximately by the last term dropped.

A balanced incomplete block design (v, k, lambda, r, b) exists only for b>=v (or, equivalently, r>=k).

Let A be a sum of squares of n independent normal standardized variates X_i, and suppose A=B+C where B is a quadratic form in the x_i, distributed as chi-squared with h ...

A finite extension K=Q(z)(w) of the field Q(z) of rational functions in the indeterminate z, i.e., w is a root of a polynomial a_0+a_1alpha+a_2alpha^2+...+a_nalpha^n, where ...