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One of the "knots" t_(p+1), ..., t_(m-p-1) of a B-spline with control points P_0, ..., P_n and knot vector T={t_0,t_1,...,t_m}, where p=m-n-1.

The sum I over all internal (circular) nodes of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the internal path length is ...

In general, the internal similitude center of two circles C_1=C(x_1,r_1) and C_2=C(x_2,r_2) with centers given in Cartesian coordinates is given by ...

A B-spline is a generalization of the Bézier curve. Let a vector known as the knot vector be defined T={t_0,t_1,...,t_m}, (1) where T is a nondecreasing sequence with t_i in ...

The sum over all external (square) nodes of the lengths of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the external path ...

The midcircle of two given circles is the circle which would invert the circles into each other. Dixon (1991) gives constructions for the midcircle for four of the five ...

The meeting point of lines that connect corresponding points from homothetic figures. In the above figure, O is the homothetic center of the homothetic figures ABCDE and ...

If two similar figures lie in the plane but do not have parallel sides (i.e., they are similar but not homothetic), there exists a center of similitude, also called a ...

An anchor is the bundle map rho from a vector bundle A to the tangent bundle TB satisfying 1. [rho(X),rho(Y)]=rho([X,Y]) and 2. [X,phiY]=phi[X,Y]+(rho(X)·phi)Y, where X and Y ...

A face-centered cubic sphere packing obtained by placing layers of spheres one on top of another. Because there are two distinct ways to place each layer on top of the ...