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Quasi-Regular Graph


A quasi-regular graph is a graph such that the degree of every vertex is the same delta except for a single vertex whose degree is Delta=delta+1 (Bozóki et al. 2022). By the handshaking lemma, such a graph necessarily has odd order and odd minimum vertex degree: if it has n vertices, the sum of its vertex degrees is deltan+1 and must be even, so deltan is odd and hence both delta and n are odd.

Quasi-regular graphs with delta=3, 5, ..., may be called quasi-cubic, quasi-quintic, etc.

For odd n, the possible values of delta are 1, 3, ..., n-2. Distinct values of delta give distinct degree sequences, so the total numbers of quasi-regular graphs and connected quasi-regular graphs are obtained by summing the fixed-delta counts over these values. There are no quasi-regular graphs of even order.

Let q_delta(n) and c_delta(n) denote the numbers of quasi-delta graphs and connected quasi-delta graphs on n vertices, respectively, and let r_delta(n) denote the number of delta-regular graphs on n vertices, with r_delta(0)=1 and c_delta(0)=0. Every quasi-delta graph has a unique component containing its exceptional vertex, while all remaining components are delta-regular. Consequently,

q_delta(n)=sum_(j=0)^(n)r_delta(j)c_delta(n-j)
(1)
c_delta(n)=q_delta(n)-sum_(j=1)^(n)r_delta(j)c_delta(n-j)
(2)
Q_delta(x)=C_delta(x)R_delta(x),
(3)

where the last identity uses the corresponding ordinary generating functions. The total counts are q(n)=sum_(delta)q_delta(n) and c(n)=sum_(delta)c_delta(n), with the sums over odd 1<=delta<=n-2.

For every odd n>=3, the delta=1 class consists of the single graph disjoint union P_3⊔((n-3)/2)P_2, where P_2 and P_3 are path graphs. It is connected only for n=3. Another disconnected example is the graph disjoint union W_5⊔K_4 of wheel graph W_5 and tetrahedral graph K_4.

For n=3, 5, 7, 9, ..., the numbers of quasi-regular graphs are 1, 2, 6, 50, 4085, 3289853, ... (OEIS A398642). The corresponding numbers of connected quasi-regular graphs are 1, 1, 5, 48, 4078, 3289810, ... (OEIS A398643).

At n=13, the fixed-delta contributions for delta=1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 are 1, 1999, 1877695, 1409285, 872, and 1. The corresponding connected contributions are 0, 1958, 1877694, 1409285, 872, and 1. Hence 43 quasi-regular graphs on 13 vertices are disconnected, with fixed-delta decomposition 1+41+1 for delta=1, 3, and 5.

At n=15, the fixed-delta contributions for delta=1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 are 1, 22186, 1505997049, 48750377244, 903496103, 7815, and 1. The corresponding connected contributions are 0, 21879, 1505997026, 48750377244, 903496103, 7815, and 1. For delta>=7, all these graphs are connected. Indeed, a disconnected graph would require a quasi-delta component on at least delta+2 vertices and a nonempty delta-regular component on at least delta+1 vertices, for a total of at least 2delta+3>15 vertices. Hence 331 quasi-regular graphs on 15 vertices are disconnected, with fixed-delta decomposition 1+307+23 for delta=1, 3, and 5.


See also

Handshaking Lemma, Quasi-Cubic Graph, Quasi-Quintic Graph, Regular Graph

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References

Bozóki, S.; Szádoczki, Z.; and Tekile, H. A. "Filling in Pattern Designs for Incomplete Pairwise Comparison Matrices: (Quasi-)Regular Graphs with Minimal Diameter." Omega 107, 102557, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2021.102557.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A398642 and A398643 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."

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Quasi-Regular Graph

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Quasi-Regular Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quasi-RegularGraph.html

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