A rational number expressed in the form (in-line notation) or
(traditional "display" notation), where
is called the numerator and
is called the denominator.
When written in-line, the slash "/" between numerator
and denominator is called a solidus.
A mathematical joke states that 4/3 of people don't understand fractions.
A proper fraction is a fraction such that , and a reduced
fraction is a fraction with common terms canceled out of the numerator
and denominator.
The Egyptians expressed their fractions as sums (and differences) of unit fractions. Conway and Guy (1996) give a table of Roman notation for fractions, in which multiples of 1/12 (the uncia) were given separate names.
The rules for the algebraic combination of fractions are given by
(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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(4)
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Note however that the above results will not necessarily be reduced fractions.