In Homogeneous coordinates , the equation of a circle is
The discriminant of this circle is defined as
and the quadratic form is the basic invariant.
In Homogeneous coordinates , the equation of a circle is
The discriminant of this circle is defined as
and the quadratic form is the basic invariant.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Circle Discriminant." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/CircleDiscriminant.html